Friday, August 5, 2011

Naj ul Balagha, Peak of Eloquence (1)

  • There is no greater wealth than wisdom, no greater poverty than ignorance; no greater heritage than culture and no greater support than consultation.
  • Patience is of two kinds: patience over what pains you, and patience against what you covet.
  • Man is a wonderful creature; he sees through the layers of fat (eyes), hears through a bone (ears) and speaks through a lump of flesh (tongue).
  • A wise man first thinks and then speaks and a fool speaks first and then thinks.
  • Success is the result of foresight and resolution, foresight depends upon deep thinking and planning and the most important factor of planning is to keep your secrets to yourself.
  • People in this world are like travelers whose journey is going on though they are asleep. ( Life's journey is going on though men may not feel it ).
  • Lack of friends means, stranger in one's own country.
  • Not to have a thing is less humiliating than to beg it.
  • Every breath you take is a step towards death.
  • Value of each man depends upon the art and skill which he has attained.
  • Like your body your mind also gets tired so refresh it by wise sayings.
  • That knowledge which remains only on your tongue is very superficial. The intrinsic value of knowledge is that you act upon it.
  • To lose or to waste an opportunity will result in grief and sorrow.
  • This world is not a permanent place, it is a passage, a road on which you are passing. There are two kinds of people here: One is the kind of those who have sold their souls for eternal damnation, the other is of those who have purchased their souls and freed them from damnation.
  • A friend cannot be considered a friend unless he is tested on three occasions: in time of need, behind your back and after your death.
  • One of the conveniences in life is to have less children.
  • A man can be valued through his sayings.
  • Poverty is the worst form of death.
  • To keep silent when you can say something wise and useful is as bad as keeping on propagating foolish and unwise thoughts.
  • Hearts have the tendency of likes and dislikes and are liable to be energetic and lethargic, therefore, make them work when they are energetic because if hearts are forced (to do a thing) they will be blinded.
  • The wiser a man is, the less talkative will he be.
  • If a friend envies you, then he is not a true friend.
Peak of Eloquence
Nahjul Balagha
Sermons and Letters of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib (as)
Translated by Askari Jafri
Eleventh Revised Edition - Islamic Seminary Publications
ISBN 0-941724-18-2
islamology.com

more:
http://dawoodi-bohras.com/pdfs/Nahjul-Balagah-English.pdf
http://www.al-islam.org/nahjul/index.htm


An Introduction to Islam and Economics

Jafar Hasan from islamicinsights.com

Economics, or finance, can be defined as the branch of social science that deals with production, distribution and consumption of wealth. Every country or doctrine has their own form of economic system, with the two main forms being capitalism and socialism.

Capitalism is an economic situation where private ownership holds the key. It is the adherence to the concept of private ownership in an unlimited form which signifies that the capitalist is the one who is the owner of the capital. Capitalism entertains the ownership of the natural resources (for example land) and capital goods (for example raw materials for any industry) but ignores the ownership of the labor. Thus the bridge between the rich and the poor widens as it is very visible in most of economic systems that follow capitalism. Socialism or communism on the other hand constitutes the principle of ownership of the state or public. It centralizes the public ownership through production and distribution of the wealth, which is exactly the opposite of capitalism. In socialism, there is lack of incentive for people to gain financial advantage and the finance system becomes depreciated, unstable, non competitive and without any common goal.

More extensive analysis of capitalism, socialism or Marxism can be found in the highly acclaimed book Iqtisaduna (Our Economics) by Martyr Ayatollah Baqir al-Sadr.

What does Islam say about Economics?

Islam is a comprehensive school that offers both social and spiritual teachings in life. Islamic economy is not a separate study but rather a part of the general Islamic system of organizing different aspects of life in the society. The economic structure of Islam preserves the rights of the individual and instructs social behavior. As other economic systems boast about social equality, the feature of social justice in Islam differs from all other systems in the core of its concepts.

That everything which exists belongs to Allah, is the essence of the Islamic economic system. As the Qur'an states, "To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth." (2:284) Nevertheless, Allah has allowed us to own the wealth of this world and be a private owner. The Qur'an states, "He has created for you whatever that is in the earth." (2:29) Islam recognizes the rights of the private owner but it has also limited the ways of acquiring and collecting excessive wealth, thereby regulating finance in the society and constituting a variety of forms of ownership. Allah says, "And the man shall gain nothing but what he strives for" (53:39), indicating that man should only seek what he deserves from his hard work. Islam seeks to decrease the gap between the rich and the poor, and while it is not pragmatic to get rid of poverty completely, an overall equilibrium can be reached between the poor and the rich. This is why Islam has its complete way of economic life and principles.

Martyr Baqir al-Sadr writes in Iqtisaduna that the variety of the forms of ownership in Islam is only an expression of an original religious planning which is based on certain ideological basis and which lies in a special framework of values and meanings, contrary to the bases, values and meanings on which are based free Capitalism and Socialism. He critically explains each of the two economic systems and in contrast, describes the perfect economic laws in Islam.

In a journal of Islamic studies, Message of the Thaqalayn, the various Islamic economic ideologies are discussed by Ayatollah Muhammad Ali Taskhiri. He discussed the flexibility of the economic system in Islam by explaining that the existence of different leading jurists (Mujtahids) and their constant openness represents one of the flexibility elements, without which one cannot know the effect of the development on the nature of the rules.

The Wonders of Islamic Economic Principles

Islam has laid down some exquisite principles about handling wealth in a society or individually. A few of the exceptional principles follow:

  1. Real ownership belongs to Allah.
  2. Islamic law (Shari'ah) has banned certain economic and social acts which are against Islamic values, such as usury and monopolization.
  3. The legal power of the head of the Islamic government (Waliy al-Amr) to supervise and control the flow of the wealth in the country is with a view to maintain the public interests. The head of the government can restrict the freedom of certain individuals to perform or not to perform certain activities within the Islamic law. The Qur'an states, "O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those vested with authority among you." (4:59)
  4. Elimination of the basic needs (hajat) of individuals and uplifting the needy people to the stage of being free from want (ghani).
  5. Financial punishments and methods that are developed by Islam to transfer private properties to the public ownership as with respect to mawqufat (endowments), or the lands the inhabitants of which perished, or the dead without heirs and so forth.
  6. Prohibition of wasting and squandering (israf).
  7. Prohibition of every action that leads to the misuse of any property, and to amusement (lahw).
  8. Constant remembrance of Islamic ethical concepts such as honesty, wisdom, piety and self-sacrifice during any financial transaction.
  9. Preserving the rights and money of the people. Once Abdullah ibn Zamaah came to Imam Ali (peace be upon him) during the time of his caliphate and asked for some money from the treasury. Imam Ali said, "This money is neither for me nor for you, but it is the collective property of the Muslims and the acquisition of their swords. If you had taken part with them in their fighting you would have a share equal to theirs, otherwise the earning of their hands cannot be for other than their mouths." (Sermon 232, Nahj al-Balagha)
  10. Implementation of various taxes in various conditions such Khums, Zakat, Fitrah, Khiraj etc.
  11. Thanking Allah for the blessings and all kinds of resources (natural or man-made).
  12. Remaining humble in charity. Allah says: "O you who have believed, do not invalidate your charities with reminders or injury as does one who spends his wealth (only) to be seen by the people and does not believe in Allah and the Last Day." (2:264)
  13. Justifying economic equality, Islam believes in the concept of charity (sadaqa and infaq). There are a number of verses in the Qur'an on charity: "…and spend (in charity) out of what We have provided for them." (2:3)

Concept of Islamic Taxes

The main taxes that are obligatory for capable individuals in Islam are Zakat and Khums. Zakat is not a commonly used tax as it is imposed on only nine items; gold and silver coins, camels, cows and sheep, wheat, barley, dates and raisins. Khums, however, is the obligatory tax which applies to most Muslims. In his book Khums: the Islamic Tax, the renowned scholar Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi explains the philosophy and rulings about Khums. It literally means one-fifth of certain items which a person acquires as wealth, which should be paid as an Islamic tax. About Khums, the Qur'an states: "Know that whatever of a thing you acquire, a fifth of it is for Allah, for the Messenger, for the near relatives, and the orphans, the needy, and the wayfarer..." (8:41)

From the Qur'anic verse, Khums is divided into two equal shares. The first half is for Allah, His Messenger (peace be upon him and his progeny) and our Living Imam (may Allah hasted his reappearance) while the second half is for the orphans, the needy and the travellers from the family of the Prophet. The first is known as the share of the Imam (Sahm al-Imam) and the second the share of the Sayyids (Sahm al-Saada) who descend from Lady Fatima (peace be upon her). The share of the present Imam goes to the Religious Authorities (Maraja Taqleed) and is used in propagating the religion of Islam, establishing schools, academic and household expenses of religious scholars etc.

What is the Cause of Global Economic Problems?

As all economic systems of the world have faced several problems, Marxist is of the view that the problem lies between the variation in production and distribution relations, whereas capitalists believe that the major economic problem lies in nature and scarcity in natural resources. In Our Economics, Ayatollah Baqir al-Sadr condemns this variation and magnificently explains how Islam has the solution. He states that Islam disagrees with both of the beliefs above as it is of the view that nature, being self-sufficient, can ensure all the necessities of life. The problem lies in man himself.

It is Allah who created the heavens and the earth and sent down rain from the sky and produced thereby some fruits as provision for you and subjected for you the ships to sail through the sea by His command and subjected for you the rivers.And He subjected for you the sun and the moon, continuous (in orbit), and subjected for you the night and the day. And He gave you from all you asked of Him. And if you should count the favors of Allah, you could not enumerate them. Indeed, mankind is (generally) most unjust and ungrateful.(14:32-34)

With these holy verses, it is clearly visible that Allah has provided all the necessities and resources to man and it is man himself that has created troubles in the society. Man's thanklessness and unjust, selfish behavior towards himself and the society are the real causes of the economic problems present in the world. Financial problems can indeed be solved by properly following the Islamic laws concerning economics and finance, which incorporates every necessary aspect of production and distribution of wealth.

Wednesday, August 3, 2011

Cultured People

Goh Sin Tub from thinkquest.org

Chinese New Year. The season of hongbao’s (Chinese for red packets) for children, and gifts in kind to be delivered to people’s homes before the big day, Chu Yi, the first day of the Lunar New year.

Helen fussed about, devoting much time, energy and money to shopping for the package of gifts for Mr Loo’s family. Mr Loo was her husband’s rich cousin who lived in a beautiful mansion in prestigious District 10. She packed her purchases with meticulous care in a lovely red-painted basket she bought from a gift’s boutique in Orchard Road, wrapped everything up in printed pink cellophane banded with a red ribbon, topping the magnificent assemblage with a posy of artificial roses.

The entire operation took her two evenings. At last she was satisfied that it was good enough for the Loo’s. She asked her husband to pass judgment.

“Okay,” Joe said. He wasn’t into the aesthetics of gift wrapping. But he was not ungrateful that someone in the family was, even of he wasn’t convinced she needed to go to all that trouble. He would have just rung up the gifts people. He said so.

“Not the same thing – no personal touch,” his wife said. “The Loo’s are cultured people, you know? They use Wedgwood china and Tiffany cloth napkins even when only eating lunch by themselves at home. They attend SSO concerts. And you saw those original Liu Kang paintings on the walls of their lounge? We can’t give them just any ordinary thing from anywhere!”

Fortunately the remaining gifts did not need that kind of intensive input. Otherwise she would have been at it forever. When she was finished she went through her gift list once more.

She yelped. “Hey! I’ve forgotten that second cousin of yours, Joe. You remember Ah Gek, the widow who works as a washerwoman? She and her poor sickly sister may not be cultured people like the Loos, but you remember how she surprised us last year visiting us with her package of sweets and nuts. Luckily I found something to return to her as our gift. That’s our custom. Where there is coming in, there must be giving out too! We should go to her place first and give her something this year. After all, she’s your elder – her father was much older than yours…But what to give her?”

“Anything will do! Whatever you’re giving the others…” Joe often wondered why Helen had to select a variety – different gifts for different recipients. What did it really matter if you gave everyone the same thing? And so long as you were early enough with your giving, you wouldn’t commit that horrendous atrocity: returning a waxed duck for a waxed duck or bak kua (wafer-thin slices of grilled pork) for bak kua.

“What about Chinese sausages?” Helen asked. Joe had no problem with that or any other gift suggestion for that matter. So Chinese sausages it was for Ah Gek.

Ah Gek’s old two-room flat was on the route to the Loo mansion. They decided they would drop briefly in on her on their way home, provided they were not delayed by the Loos’ hospitality.

------------

The guard at the gate of the mansion allowed them to drive in. They stopped their car at the marble-walled porch. They rang the sculptured bronze doorbell. The carved oak wall was opened by one of the Loos’ maids who was, of course, uniformed, complete with the embroidered Loo logo.

“Who is it?” They heard Loo’s voice asking from the inside of the house.

The maid went in. “Visitors with a gift basket, sir, they could hear her loud reply. Loo was hard of hearing.

“Just tell them to leave it in corner with the other baskets!”

“Sir, it’s not delivery people. It’s your relatives.”

“Never mind, just tell them I’m too busy. Say I can’t come out…”

Busy? Joe and Helen could hear the football commentary coming from the TV inside.

“Maybe better if I call Ma’am down to talk with them, sir?”

“Okay, whatever you like…”

Joe and Helen waited a while before Mrs Loo appeared.

“Oh, it’s you? Er, what’s your name…Joe, isn’t it? And, and she’s… whatever? Don’t have time to talk. Got to run. My mahjong friends are waiting. Just leave your thing in that corner. Thanks, thanks, thanks, thanks!”

They could not get a word in. She spoke like a machine-gun. Her thanks were shot out like bullets – rat-tat-tat-tat! And then she was silent, body half-turned back – an unspoken “Anything else?” on her face.

They were dismissed.

They said goodbye. She did not hear them. She had already gone upstairs.

------------

They drove off, not saying anything, a shade shell-shocked. Joe suddenly remembered and turned the car around. They went to Ah Gek’s two-room flat, which she shared with her sister. The neighbourhood was shabby, the buildings already slated for demolition.

Ah Gek’s flat was sparsely furnished, but everything was neat and tidy. Helen noted that the blue-coloured crockery they had on their table, though inexpensive plastic, was still smart-looking.

No beautiful paintings, of course.

But on one wall there was something given pride of place. There, Ah Gek and her sister venerated their ancestors. The black-and-white photos hung over a small, tidy altar – forefathers made immortal by the remembrance of faithful descendants. Joe recognized their common grandfathers. He felt guilty. He had never thought of the putting up their photos in his own home.

The sisters were overwhelmed by their visit. They received them as though they were royalty. They insisted on at least serving them a drink. They thanked them repeatedly, openly touched that Joe and Helen, who lived in a mansion, should honour them by coming up to their humble flat.

When they handed the sisters their gift, Ah Gek and her sister rushed into their bedroom and came out with a return gift. A box of birds’ nest, an expensive delicacy, never mind what grade.

Joe and Helen were embarrassed. They had only bought Ah Gek some Chinese sausages – by comparison, cheap. They did not want to take the sisters’ gifts. They said they need not return them anything. But the sisters insisted. That’s our custom, our culture, the way we have been brought up.

“Woo jip woo ch’oot” they said in their Hokkien dialect. Where there is coming in, there must be giving out too.

And Joe and Helen were seen off all the way down to their car. It was their turn to be overwhelmed – by the sisters’ grateful thanks and goodbyes to relatives who had honoured them with a visit.

On their way, Joe and Helen talked.

About paintings and pictures on the wall. About Wedgwood and plastic crockery. About receptions and goodbyes. About Chinese custom.

And about cultured people – and uncultured people.

Glossary

Chinese New Year

Chinese New Year is generally considered the most important festival for the Chinese. It falls on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar and is therefore also known as Lunar New Year. Since it marks the beginning of the year, it is also called the Spring Festival.

The Chinese prepare for the Chinese New Year weeks before the festival. They spring-clean their homes by discarding old or unwanted things and cleaning the house thoroughly. Some even give their homes fresh coats of paint. Spring-cleaning is done not only to welcome the new year but also to signify a fresh start to the year.

Some Chinese put up spring couplets on the doors or walls of their homes. Spring couplets are verses, which have two lines, each containing the same number of words. They are written on red paper and express auspicious sayings or wishes.

Write Up

In this story, we see the importance of social status in a society. The rich are considered "cultured" because they live in luxury and are able to afford anything their hearts desire. The poor, on the other hand, are looked down upon and even ignored just because they don’t wear designer clothes and live in a nice house. Everyday, people are judged based on their appearances and not by who they truly are. Few people realize that it's what's inside that counts. Helen and Joe made the same mistake when they felt that the Loos were superior to Ah Gek and her sister who were not as wealthy. It is common to think that the cultured are those who are rich. Thus, it is ironic that Helen and Joe discover, in the end, that those who are cultured need not be rich but they are well-mannered, respectful, have moral values and more importantly, have a compassionate heart.

In Singapore, the wealthy are often more influential than the poor. They have a certain status because they possess the 5 'C's - Condominium, Cash, Credit card, Car and Country club membership. (The 5 'C's were often used to describe the criteria by which Singaporeans judge whether or not they are successful or whether they have "made it" in life.) However, today, Singaporeans have moved beyond a pre-occupation with material things and they value other things in life that are more important (i.e. charity work, relationships).

Monday, August 1, 2011

Die Entdeckung der Geheimnisse

Es war ein Moment: ohne Idee, ohne Lust zum Schreiben
Weil es noch nicht keine Entdeckung gab

Es war ein Moment: so viele Idee, und mehr Lust zum Schreiben
Weil es schon entdenkt ist

Glück im unglück
Gott sei Dank

Richtiges Sehen
Sensitives Hören
Totales Fühlen


Scharfere Sinne, neues Leben

-WachstumszeitderSeele-

Sunday, July 31, 2011

Adakah kuat tanpa ujian beban?

Tiap diri memiliki keterbatasan. Dan hanya dengan berlatih maka keterbatasan tersebut sedikit demi sedikit bisa kita rubah. Dari situlah kita mendapat ambang treshold baru untuk mempersiapkan uji beban selanjutnya. Begitu seterusnya tiada henti karena ordinat sumbu keterbatasan itu sesungguhnya tiada batas, ketidakterbatasan keterbatasan. Itu pulalah kelebihan manusia atas makhluk yang lainnya. Alhamdulillah.

Disamping ambang treshold, bebanlah yang harus kita siapkan untuk melatih diri. Terkadang percobaan tidak harus runut dari mulai ekstra ringan, ringan, agak berat, berat, dan sangat berat. Ada kalanya kita di antara periode sistematika tersebut mencek kembali ambang terendah atau pada titik-titik tertentu untuk mengetahui kekuatan. Berkesinambungan, terus-menerus, dengan harapan akan semakin didapatkan elastisitas kekuatan. Bila perlu kita perhatikan juga adakah variasi temuan bila diberi perlakuan yang berbeda pada cara pemberian beban dengan derajat yang sama.

-berlindungkepadaAllah,memohonanugrahkesehatan,keselamatandalammembangundiridanlingkungan-

Saturday, July 30, 2011

Independent Scientist

Tiba-tiba di pikiran saya muncul istilah tersebut. Setelah berfikir mengapa selama ini saya tetap keukeuh pada pendirian ingin menjadi "orang bebas". Ternyata jawabannya hanya satu. Ya, karena saya ingin independen, tak bergantung siapapun.

Itulah tantangannya. Menjadi dokter klinisi berarti harus bisa hidup berdampingan dengan kolega dan memahami arti dan fungsi hierarki. Sedang pilihan lain di arah akademisi berarti harus bergantung sepenuhnya pada arah kebijakan yang disepakati. Tiada dua jalan tersebut sesuai dengan keinginan dan cita-cita hati, untuk menjadi mandiri, independen. Professional autonomy justru lebih mudah dicapai bagi mereka kolega dari kedokteran gigi dan beberapa spesialis "kecil" seperti dokter kulit dan dokter mata.

Lain halnya saat kita bisa menjadi seniman. Seniman hidup untuk passionnya. Totalitas untuk kemudian menciptakan mahakarya. Mereka melakukannya dengan permainan mereka sendiri. Original. Dan tentu saja kepuasan tertinggi -apabila tercapai- sungguh pasti sangat membahagiakan. Mereka tak kenal lelah untuk mengeksplorasi dirinya, minatnya, lingkungannya. Mengasah terus ketajaman intuisinya, karakter pribadinya tanpa embel-embel aturan profesi dan etik yang merepotkan untuk terus berkreasi. Merekalah sejatinya the real independent scientist.

-merenungkankembalicitacitadiri,inspiredbybeautyinscience-

Friday, July 29, 2011

Sadis



Terlalu Sadis Caramu
Menjadikan Diriku
Pelampiasan Cintamu
Agar Dia Kembali Padamu
Tanpa Perduli Sakitnya Aku

Tega Nian Nya Caramu
Menyingkirkan Diriku
Dari Percintaan Ini
Agar Dia Kembali Padamu
Tanpa Perduli Sakitnya Aku

Semoga Tuhan Membalas Semua Yang Terjadi
Kepadaku Suatu Saat Nanti
Hingga Kau Sadari Sesungguhnya Yang Kau Punya
Hanya Aku Tempatmu Kembali
Sebagai Cintamu

Hanya Aku Tempat Mu Kembali

Semoga Tuhan Membalas Semua Yang Terjadi
Kepadaku Suatu Saat Nanti
Hingga Kau Sadari Sesungguhnya Yang Kau Punya
Hanya Aku Tempatmu Kembali
Sebagai Cintamu

Hingga Kau Sadari Sesungguhnya Yang Kau Punya
Hanya Aku Ooo...
Sebagai Cintamu

Thursday, July 21, 2011

Integrate OR Make a statement

Blending together with surrounding
Mimicriing
Camouflasing
Inspired by the nature

OR...

Making differences
Show-stopping
Avoiding boredom
Giving a sense of touch
Creating new thing

Which type of element are you: metal, semiconductor or nonmetal?

Metals occupy the bulk of the periodic table, while non-metallic elements can only be found on the right-hand-side of the Periodic Table of the Elements. A diagonal line, drawn from boron (B) to polonium (Po), separates the metals from the nonmetals. Most elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semiconductors. This is because these elements exhibit electrical properties common to both conductors and insulators. Elements to the lower left of this division line are called metals, while elements to the upper right of the division line are called nonmetals.

I think i am a metal

The next question is: what type of metal?

Others, like palladium, platinum and gold, do not react with the atmosphere at all. Some metals form a barrier layer of oxide on their surface which cannot be penetrated by further oxygen molecules and thus retain their shiny appearance and good conductivity for many decades (like aluminium, magnesium, some steels, and titanium). The oxides of metals are generally basic, as opposed to those of nonmetals, which are acidic.


Are you pure or alloy?

Dont worry alloy is often underestimated but...

Unlike pure metals, most alloys do not have a single melting point, but a melting range in which the material is a mixture of solid and liquid phases. The temperature at which melting begins is called the solidus, and the temperature when melting is just complete is called the liquidus. However, for most alloys there is a particular proportion of constituents (in rare cases two)—the eutectic mixture—which gives the alloy a unique melting point.

Is heat treatment needed?

Heat treating is a group of industrial and metalworking processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical, properties of a material. The most common application is metallurgical. Heat treatments are also used in the manufacture of many other materials, such as glass. Heat treatment involves the use of heating or chilling, normally to extreme temperatures, to achieve a desired result such as hardening or softening of a material. Heat treatment techniques include annealing, case hardening, precipitation strengthening, tempering and quenching. It is noteworthy that while the term heat treatment applies only to processes where the heating and cooling are done for the specific purpose of altering properties intentionally, heating and cooling often occur incidentally during other manufacturing processes such as hot forming or welding.

Oh no... its gonna be more and more complicated.

No matters which element, each of you is unique
and what makes some element so special? The character!

Tuesday, July 19, 2011

Wenn man kein Geld hat, denkt man immer an Geld. Wenn man viel Geld hat, denkt man nur noch an Geld.Jean Paul Getty

www.wirtschaftszitate.de